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Redistricting in California
Redistricting in California has historically been highly controversial. Critics have accused legislators of attempting to protect themselves from competition by gerrymandering districts. Conflicts between the governor and the legislature during redistricting often have only been resolved by the courts.
After incumbent parties retained every single state assembly, senate, and congressional seat in the 2004 election, voters passed California Proposition 11 (2008). The proposition created a Citizens Redistricting Commission to draw state legislative districts. California Proposition 20 (2010) expanded the Commission’s power to include drawing congressional districts.
==History==
When former Governor Earl Warren mandated one man, one vote by deciding ''Reynolds v. Sims'', the California Senate was badly malapportioned by counties, with the 6 million people in Los Angeles County and the 397 people in Alpine County each represented by one state senator. In 1966 Governor Pat Brown signed a bipartisan gerrymander the state senators had designed to retain as many incumbents as constitutionally possible.〔(Grainger, Corbett A. ''Redistricting and Polarization: Who Draws the Lines in California?'', 53 Journal of Law and Economics 545 (2010). )〕 The legislature attempted further incumbency protection after the 1970 census, so Governor Ronald Reagan vetoed the bill.〔(Nicholas Stephanopoulos, ''Communities and the California Commission'', 23 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev. 282 (2012). )〕 With the legislature and governor unable to resolve the impasse, the California Supreme Court ultimately appointed special masters to draw new districts.〔Id. discussing (''Legislature v. Reinecke'', 10 Cal. 3d 396 (1973). )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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